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station this is houston are you ready

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i am ready for the event

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abc this is mission control houston

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station this is abc how do you hear me

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i hear you loud and clear welcome aboard

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thank you very much

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and commander scott kelly joins us now

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from the international space station

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commander kelly i get to talk to people

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from all over the globe in this job but

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i've never interviewed anyone who is 250

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miles above earth you have really amazed

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us with your instagram photographs but i

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want you to put into words what it's

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like up there you're the only american

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well

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you know i'm the longest uh

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serving u.s astronaut on the on the

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space station we've had other you know

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we've had many other crew members up

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here but you know i've been

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you know fortunate enough i guess to to

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be the longest person to spend time on

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this incredible space station and it's

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uh

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you know i would say it's a privilege

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to do this to do this job a year

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is a really long time and

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but i'm i'm doing okay and i have about

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and and tell us your most memorable

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period while you've been up there that

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your your photographs are truly

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extraordinary but is there any one day

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any one week that really stands out from

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you know i've

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been somewhat fortunate that we've had a

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lot of uh

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uh you know interesting things going on

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uh the science that we do um visiting

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vehicles a lot of crew members have have

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come and go gone while i've been here

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um but

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for me

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having never done a spacewalk before

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uh this flight i was able to do three of

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those um

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in october november and december the

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last one being one that we we put

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together in uh within like about five or

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six days

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uh because it was a surprise we had to

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go outside and fix something and so for

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me

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having never done that before that is uh

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you know really a pretty significant

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memorable

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event uh being outside this space

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station and the uh

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you know just the difficulty of of

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working

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in the suit and uh doing a space walk in

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the complexity of it and also the the

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view of the earth from outside is even

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more incredible than it is from inside

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can you explain things that we'll never

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know and that is and that is smells or

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what it's like to touch something in

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space particularly the smell when you're

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well the um

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in the space suit you're in a very uh

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enclosed environment it's actually a

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very stiff

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uh suit um

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it's uh not as stiff as the russian

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spacesuit but is still pretty stiff uh

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because it provides uh a pressure vessel

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so uh you don't get the bends or

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you know if you were

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exposed in the vacuum of space it would

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be uh you know pretty catastrophic to

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you but it uh you know provides you

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oxygen scrubs carbon dioxide keeps you

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uh

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debris protection so it's kind of like

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its own little little spaceship there's

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a lot of fan noise in there there's uh

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you know air that you feel blowing over

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your your your face

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but

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i don't think inside the suit is that it

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has any particular smell for instance

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like you asked but certainly when you

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come back from a

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a spacewalk and you re-pressurize the

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airlock and then once you you take the

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suit off and this is the same case when

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we have a visiting vehicle and uh you

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know the space between the space station

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and the visiting vehicle was recently

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exposed to vacuum that does have a very

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distinct smell

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and uh i think you know people uh

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you know

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i think most people feel about it kind

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of the way i do some people have a

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different opinion about it but to me it

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smells like what i would imagine like

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burning metal to smell like is is kind

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of how i describe it

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and can you demonstrate microgravity for

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how's that

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i love it i love it how do you sleep

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without gravity i i would think because

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your shoulders kind of come up i see you

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there holding your holding your arms

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together is is

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that how you sleep it must be so

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you know i don't you know people

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you know wonder why i cross my arms all

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the time up here for me it's just not

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comfortable like this it feels like very

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awkward but this is like the the neutral

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positions for your arms

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and uh so i actually when i sleep i

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don't even sleep like this i actually

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stick our sleeping bag has kind of a

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hood on and i stick my hands kind of

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above my head

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um but sleeping here for me is not as

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nice as as on earth for for a number of

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reasons

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um you know you don't have a your head's

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not on a soft pillow that you're not you

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know surrounded by sheets in a in a

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comfortable blanket perhaps

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but uh you know most importantly

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i think it's it's more difficult and

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challenging to sleep here because the

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position i'm in right now is the same

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exact position i'm going to be in when i

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go to sleep so there is no

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change in the you know level of

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relaxation or comfort you experience

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here

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like you do on earth when you lie down

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in your bed and it's time to go to sleep

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it's uh you know it's the same position

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whether i'm working talking to you or

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sleeping it's the same kind of comfort

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levels which makes it for me

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okay we know your brother your identical

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twin brother mark kelly former astronaut

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is is sleeping comfortably here on earth

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but that's part of what's happening here

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they're studying you as identical twins

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one on earth one in space and that leads

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for you

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you hope not just you particularly but

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yeah so we like i said you know we do a

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lot of science up here and uh one of the

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the research areas is

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is exploration based you know what what

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do we need to learn

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uh

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both about our own

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human physiology but also about the

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hardware the the systems that are going

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to keep us alive

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to go uh further away from earth uh

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beyond low earth orbit you know tomorrow

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for mars being you know one of the uh

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you know

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goals that we that we have and hopefully

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we'll we'll get there sometime in in my

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lifetime and by doing this experiment uh

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with my brother and i because we are

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genetically

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almost identical

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and nasa hasn't done any you know

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genetic dna type research before

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hopefully we can learn some things about

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how this environment the radiation

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environment the microgravity environment

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affects us

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on a on a genetic level and

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you know there's only two of us so it's

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not an experiment

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like you know you would have if you were

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designing uh you know trying to develop

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a new drug for an illness where you need

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many many

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much larger sample group but it will

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hopefully provide us some anecdotal

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information of where we need to

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investigate

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and and just i know you're coming home

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in a few weeks what's the most exciting

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part about coming home what are you

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you know uh that's a it

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the thing i look forward to most is

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people not that i don't like these

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people but uh you know the

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your friends your family people you

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haven't been around for a uh a really

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long time after that i would say you

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know it's being outside

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the weather

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um you know this environment isn't bad

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but it's the same every single day for

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you know since march so those are those

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are the big things i'm looking forward

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oh come on okay commander kelly this is

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where i would usually sign off but since

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we've never closed the program while

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talking to someone 250 miles above earth

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commander kelly would you like to do the

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sure thing martha that's all for today

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thanks for sharing part of your sunday

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with us

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have a great day and so long from the

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the

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best thank you so much

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station this is houston acr that

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concludes the abc portion of the event

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please stand by for a voice check from

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yes

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station this is cnn how do you hear me

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i hear you loud and clear welcome aboard

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commander kelly what a thrill it is to

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be speaking to you

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as you travel at a rate of five miles

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per second i understand 200 miles above

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us

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getting close to finishing

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a year in space first question how are

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you doing what has surprised you most

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about most about any changes in your

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i'm doing uh pretty good i do feel like

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i've been up here for a uh

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a a really long time and i look forward

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to to getting home soon

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what surprised me

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from a health perspective

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you know a lot of the research we do is

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uh

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my heart

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and a lot of that

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that data is stuff that will be analyzed

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you know by the scientists and

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researchers and it will take time

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probably well after

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uh well after i'm back before we have

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results but from a kind of a subjective

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um

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uh perspective i

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uh

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don't really have any surprises i

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you know kind of knew what to expect

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going into this

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um because i had flown a long duration

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flight before so

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uh you know there's been a little

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you know effects on my vision which i

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had last time

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but uh overall nothing uh nothing

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i want to ask you a a different sort of

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question everyone is fascinated with

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this with space and everyone is

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certainly fascinated with the views that

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you have you get to look back on earth

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if earth were a human body and you were

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looking at it how does it look does the

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earth look sick does it look healthy how

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so there are definitely parts of uh

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you know asia central america um

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that when you look at them from space

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you're uh you know you're always looking

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through a haze of uh of pollution

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so

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um

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but you know the earth is covered by you

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know a lot of other land masses and

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water uh it's surprising you know how

284
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much water is out there

285
00:13:10,310 --> 00:13:08,480
uh so

286
00:13:12,150 --> 00:13:10,320
as far as the atmosphere is concerned

287
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and and you know being able to see the

288
00:13:16,470 --> 00:13:14,480
surface uh

289
00:13:18,870 --> 00:13:16,480
you know i'd say definitely those areas

290
00:13:21,269 --> 00:13:18,880
that i mentioned look you know kind of

291
00:13:23,509 --> 00:13:21,279
sick like you said

292
00:13:26,150 --> 00:13:23,519
um you definitely notice

293
00:13:28,710 --> 00:13:26,160
weather systems at times that aren't

294
00:13:30,389 --> 00:13:28,720
really expected to to be

295
00:13:32,790 --> 00:13:30,399
you know where they are

296
00:13:35,030 --> 00:13:32,800
um you know for instance like tropical

297
00:13:36,389 --> 00:13:35,040
cyclones in the in the uh

298
00:13:38,069 --> 00:13:36,399
you know certain

299
00:13:40,629 --> 00:13:38,079
you know in certain parts of the world

300
00:13:41,590 --> 00:13:40,639
that at times that you don't expect them

301
00:13:43,590 --> 00:13:41,600
or other

302
00:13:44,949 --> 00:13:43,600
you know weather weather conditions when

303
00:13:46,310 --> 00:13:44,959
you look at the uh you know the

304
00:13:48,550 --> 00:13:46,320
atmosphere

305
00:13:50,310 --> 00:13:48,560
i wouldn't say it looks either the thin

306
00:13:51,590 --> 00:13:50,320
veil the atmosphere on the limb of the

307
00:13:53,750 --> 00:13:51,600
earth i wouldn't say

308
00:13:57,189 --> 00:13:53,760
it looks unhealthy but it definitely

309
00:14:00,389 --> 00:13:57,199
looks uh very very fragile and uh you

310
00:14:01,590 --> 00:14:00,399
know just kind of like this thin film so

311
00:14:07,750 --> 00:14:01,600
it looks like something that we

312
00:14:11,269 --> 00:14:09,269
yeah it looks like the earth may need

313
00:14:13,030 --> 00:14:11,279
some medical care as you say

314
00:14:14,870 --> 00:14:13,040
i also wanted to ask you a question

315
00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:14,880
about the the political cycle here but i

316
00:14:17,750 --> 00:14:16,240
thought i'd do it in a slightly

317
00:14:18,550 --> 00:14:17,760
different way

318
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and

319
00:14:21,990 --> 00:14:20,480
the way i want to do it was i wanted to

320
00:14:24,470 --> 00:14:22,000
ask you

321
00:14:25,829 --> 00:14:24,480
what you might ask our future president

322
00:14:28,550 --> 00:14:25,839
our presidential candidates we have a

323
00:14:30,150 --> 00:14:28,560
series of debates coming up here on cnn

324
00:14:32,629 --> 00:14:30,160
and i want to give you the floor for a

325
00:14:41,030 --> 00:14:32,639
second commander to ask a question

326
00:14:47,750 --> 00:14:43,189
well you know i guess as a as an

327
00:14:50,949 --> 00:14:47,760
astronaut a nasa astronaut i would be uh

328
00:14:53,110 --> 00:14:50,959
you know i feel obligated to ask a uh

329
00:14:55,750 --> 00:14:53,120
you know a space related question and

330
00:14:58,310 --> 00:14:55,760
and uh you know just what

331
00:15:01,829 --> 00:14:58,320
um you know what their their goals and

332
00:15:02,870 --> 00:15:01,839
their vision are for our space program

333
00:15:05,189 --> 00:15:02,880
uh

334
00:15:06,949 --> 00:15:05,199
i think this um

335
00:15:09,829 --> 00:15:06,959
you know our history in space and the

336
00:15:11,350 --> 00:15:09,839
international space station um and those

337
00:15:13,990 --> 00:15:11,360
other things we do

338
00:15:17,590 --> 00:15:14,000
have significant value

339
00:15:22,310 --> 00:15:17,600
to our to our economy to who we are as a

340
00:15:23,990 --> 00:15:22,320
as a as a people as a species really and

341
00:15:26,949 --> 00:15:24,000
you know i would want to know what their

342
00:15:29,189 --> 00:15:26,959
vision is for for nasa and how

343
00:15:36,710 --> 00:15:29,199
you know they would plan to execute

344
00:15:42,150 --> 00:15:39,430
i'm curious about your views on private

345
00:15:44,230 --> 00:15:42,160
space travel there's been a lot of

346
00:15:47,110 --> 00:15:44,240
energy and money frankly around that

347
00:15:48,310 --> 00:15:47,120
industry lately as someone who's done it

348
00:15:49,749 --> 00:15:48,320
been up there

349
00:15:54,230 --> 00:15:49,759
what do you think you support it do you

350
00:15:58,949 --> 00:15:56,550
yeah absolutely um

351
00:16:00,870 --> 00:15:58,959
you know this is an amazing experience

352
00:16:02,949 --> 00:16:00,880
it's a uh

353
00:16:06,150 --> 00:16:02,959
you know a fascinating place not only

354
00:16:08,550 --> 00:16:06,160
for for tourism but our our ability to

355
00:16:11,350 --> 00:16:08,560
uh you know like i said we

356
00:16:15,269 --> 00:16:11,360
this is an incredibly complex facility

357
00:16:16,790 --> 00:16:15,279
and by doing really hard things we reap

358
00:16:18,870 --> 00:16:16,800
the benefits and

359
00:16:21,749 --> 00:16:18,880
commercial space is hard so by

360
00:16:23,990 --> 00:16:21,759
developing you know those those rockets

361
00:16:27,189 --> 00:16:24,000
and the systems to have

362
00:16:28,470 --> 00:16:27,199
uh more people uh visit and and live in

363
00:16:31,110 --> 00:16:28,480
space for

364
00:16:33,670 --> 00:16:31,120
periods of time there will be benefits

365
00:16:35,430 --> 00:16:33,680
to that and uh you know i'd like to see

366
00:16:37,990 --> 00:16:35,440
you know someday where

367
00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:38,000
you know like airline travel where

368
00:16:42,310 --> 00:16:39,920
not everyone could afford it but a lot

369
00:16:44,629 --> 00:16:42,320
of people could afford it so it is

370
00:16:47,189 --> 00:16:44,639
something that i definitely feel very

371
00:16:49,430 --> 00:16:47,199
strongly about and i think it's

372
00:16:51,269 --> 00:16:49,440
it's great that we have these companies

373
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that are that are pursuing this because

374
00:16:57,749 --> 00:16:53,680
then it lets nasa uh you know direct

375
00:17:00,069 --> 00:16:57,759
their energy and focus on you know the

376
00:17:02,790 --> 00:17:00,079
the uh you know the frontier the places

377
00:17:04,470 --> 00:17:02,800
that we haven't been to before because

378
00:17:05,990 --> 00:17:04,480
you know i think those are the kind of

379
00:17:07,829 --> 00:17:06,000
things that the government should be

380
00:17:10,549 --> 00:17:07,839
involved with and i think something that

381
00:17:12,710 --> 00:17:10,559
nasa does very well so it's uh yeah i

382
00:17:18,309 --> 00:17:12,720
think it's a commercial space is a great

383
00:17:21,990 --> 00:17:19,750
you know you may have heard today

384
00:17:23,909 --> 00:17:22,000
commander gravitational waves have been

385
00:17:26,470 --> 00:17:23,919
found proving yet another one of

386
00:17:27,829 --> 00:17:26,480
einstein's theories correct another one

387
00:17:30,230 --> 00:17:27,839
of the theories has to do with the

388
00:17:32,789 --> 00:17:30,240
space-time continuum which would dictate

389
00:17:35,029 --> 00:17:32,799
that you're actually aging more slowly

390
00:17:35,830 --> 00:17:35,039
than your twin brother mark here is on

391
00:17:37,830 --> 00:17:35,840
earth

392
00:17:40,230 --> 00:17:37,840
obviously it's a minuscule difference

393
00:17:41,510 --> 00:17:40,240
but i'm curious does it feel different

394
00:17:44,310 --> 00:17:41,520
time wise

395
00:17:49,110 --> 00:17:44,320
does time change for you in some way

396
00:17:53,909 --> 00:17:50,950
so because

397
00:17:56,150 --> 00:17:53,919
we're in this environment that's like a

398
00:17:59,110 --> 00:17:56,160
laboratory in many ways in some ways

399
00:18:00,789 --> 00:17:59,120
it's kind of like a submarine or a ship

400
00:18:04,150 --> 00:18:00,799
but one in which you

401
00:18:06,070 --> 00:18:04,160
you cannot leave and one in which you

402
00:18:07,909 --> 00:18:06,080
know i'm at work when i go to sleep i'm

403
00:18:10,870 --> 00:18:07,919
at work when i wake up

404
00:18:12,390 --> 00:18:10,880
um you know i've been here since march

405
00:18:15,029 --> 00:18:12,400
uh

406
00:18:16,950 --> 00:18:15,039
the it's not like the days seem to go by

407
00:18:18,070 --> 00:18:16,960
slower but definitely the whole period

408
00:18:20,150 --> 00:18:18,080
of time

409
00:18:22,070 --> 00:18:20,160
has uh you know it seems like a long

410
00:18:24,789 --> 00:18:22,080
time a year now seems

411
00:18:26,230 --> 00:18:24,799
longer than i i thought it would be and

412
00:18:29,669 --> 00:18:26,240
uh

413
00:18:32,310 --> 00:18:29,679
so i definitely have an appreciation for

414
00:18:33,669 --> 00:18:32,320
you know certain things that uh that

415
00:18:36,070 --> 00:18:33,679
freedom

416
00:18:38,789 --> 00:18:36,080
and uh you know being on earth provide

417
00:18:41,110 --> 00:18:38,799
but uh you know certainly

418
00:18:42,870 --> 00:18:41,120
you know being confined for for this

419
00:18:44,710 --> 00:18:42,880
period of time is not something that i

420
00:18:45,909 --> 00:18:44,720
think people would uh

421
00:18:47,110 --> 00:18:45,919
you know it's different when you're in

422
00:18:48,950 --> 00:18:47,120
space and you're doing something that

423
00:18:49,990 --> 00:18:48,960
thinks thinks is important but i

424
00:18:52,549 --> 00:18:50,000
definitely

425
00:18:56,070 --> 00:18:52,559
think i would uh you know kind of uh

426
00:18:58,230 --> 00:18:56,080
relish my my freedom uh more after this

427
00:19:04,710 --> 00:18:58,240
experience maybe than i

428
00:19:09,029 --> 00:19:06,549
one of the objectives for this mission

429
00:19:12,070 --> 00:19:09,039
besides the twin study was

430
00:19:14,390 --> 00:19:12,080
to look at how how feasible a mission to

431
00:19:16,630 --> 00:19:14,400
mars might be if this were a mission to

432
00:19:18,549 --> 00:19:16,640
mars which takes nine months or longer

433
00:19:20,070 --> 00:19:18,559
you'd in fact just be getting started

434
00:19:22,630 --> 00:19:20,080
with that mission as opposed to getting

435
00:19:23,830 --> 00:19:22,640
near to the end i'm curious with all

436
00:19:27,510 --> 00:19:23,840
that you've learned now you've seen do

437
00:19:29,350 --> 00:19:27,520
you think mars is is feasible and also

438
00:19:31,029 --> 00:19:29,360
when we eventually maybe get there do

439
00:19:35,990 --> 00:19:31,039
you think that there's extraterrestrial

440
00:19:39,430 --> 00:19:37,909
yeah i think it's uh i think it's

441
00:19:41,830 --> 00:19:39,440
definitely feasible i think there are

442
00:19:43,750 --> 00:19:41,840
certain challenges you know the uh the

443
00:19:45,029 --> 00:19:43,760
radiation environment between the earth

444
00:19:45,990 --> 00:19:45,039
and mars is something that we're going

445
00:19:48,549 --> 00:19:46,000
to have to

446
00:19:50,150 --> 00:19:48,559
have to figure out because there is uh

447
00:19:51,510 --> 00:19:50,160
you know we we get protection here on

448
00:19:53,029 --> 00:19:51,520
the space station although we get a lot

449
00:19:55,190 --> 00:19:53,039
more radiation than you do on earth

450
00:19:57,830 --> 00:19:55,200
you'd get a much much more on your way

451
00:19:58,789 --> 00:19:57,840
to mars so that's that's a challenge

452
00:20:01,590 --> 00:19:58,799
um

453
00:20:03,430 --> 00:20:01,600
the systems the life support systems are

454
00:20:05,190 --> 00:20:03,440
you know on one hand and a challenge but

455
00:20:07,669 --> 00:20:05,200
we we've been maintaining these systems

456
00:20:09,909 --> 00:20:07,679
here for the last 15 years now you know

457
00:20:12,070 --> 00:20:09,919
we can get resupply quicker but there's

458
00:20:13,430 --> 00:20:12,080
a lot we've learned here from from

459
00:20:15,590 --> 00:20:13,440
operating the space station that will

460
00:20:18,310 --> 00:20:15,600
help us go to mars i think the big the

461
00:20:20,390 --> 00:20:18,320
biggest challenge though is the uh

462
00:20:22,149 --> 00:20:20,400
you know the public support and the the

463
00:20:23,110 --> 00:20:22,159
financial support

464
00:20:25,750 --> 00:20:23,120
um

465
00:20:27,510 --> 00:20:25,760
from our government or other governments

466
00:20:28,549 --> 00:20:27,520
to to do this

467
00:20:30,870 --> 00:20:28,559
um

468
00:20:32,149 --> 00:20:30,880
because i think technically

469
00:20:33,590 --> 00:20:32,159
you know

470
00:20:35,350 --> 00:20:33,600
pretty much anything we've ever put our

471
00:20:36,870 --> 00:20:35,360
mind to we've been uh

472
00:20:38,630 --> 00:20:36,880
been able to uh

473
00:20:40,710 --> 00:20:38,640
to accomplish so

474
00:20:42,870 --> 00:20:40,720
i think the challenge is mostly from uh

475
00:20:45,190 --> 00:20:42,880
you know a public and uh you know

476
00:20:47,110 --> 00:20:45,200
government financial support and as far

477
00:20:49,350 --> 00:20:47,120
as you know whether there's life there

478
00:20:52,310 --> 00:20:49,360
on on mars or whether there was actually

479
00:20:53,590 --> 00:20:52,320
ever ever life there

480
00:20:55,669 --> 00:20:53,600
i don't know

481
00:21:00,830 --> 00:20:55,679
you know it'd be uh it would be great to

482
00:21:05,510 --> 00:21:03,590
though commander kelly thank you so much